Flutter网络图片本地缓存如何实现
一、问题
Flutter原有的图片缓存机制,是通过PaintingBinding.instance!.imageCache来管理缓存的,这个缓存缓存到的是内存中,每次重新打开APP或者缓存被清理都会再次进行网络请求,大图片加载慢不友好,且增加服务器负担。
二、思路
1、查看FadeInImage.assetNetwork、Image.network等几个网络请求的命名构造方法,初始化了ImageProvider。
FadeInImage.assetNetwork({
Key key,
@required String placeholder,
this.placeholderErrorBuilder,
@required String image,
this.imageErrorBuilder,
AssetBundle bundle,
double placeholderScale,
double imageScale = 1.0,
this.excludeFromSemantics = false,
this.imageSemanticLabel,
this.fadeOutDuration = const Duration(milliseconds: 300),
this.fadeOutCurve = Curves.easeOut,
this.fadeInDuration = const Duration(milliseconds: 700),
this.fadeInCurve = Curves.easeIn,
this.width,
this.height,
this.fit,
this.alignment = Alignment.center,
this.repeat = ImageRepeat.noRepeat,
this.matchTextDirection = false,
int placeholderCacheWidth,
int placeholderCacheHeight,
int imageCacheWidth,
int imageCacheHeight,
}) : assert(placeholder != null),
assert(image != null),
placeholder = placeholderScale != null
? ResizeImage.resizeIfNeeded(placeholderCacheWidth, placeholderCacheHeight, ExactAssetImage(placeholder, bundle: bundle, scale: placeholderScale))
: ResizeImage.resizeIfNeeded(placeholderCacheWidth, placeholderCacheHeight, AssetImage(placeholder, bundle: bundle)),
assert(imageScale != null),
assert(fadeOutDuration != null),
assert(fadeOutCurve != null),
assert(fadeInDuration != null),
assert(fadeInCurve != null),
assert(alignment != null),
assert(repeat != null),
assert(matchTextDirection != null),
image = ResizeImage.resizeIfNeeded(imageCacheWidth, imageCacheHeight, NetworkImage(image, scale: imageScale)),
super(key: key); Image.network(
String src, {
Key key,
double scale = 1.0,
this.frameBuilder,
this.loadingBuilder,
this.errorBuilder,
this.semanticLabel,
this.excludeFromSemantics = false,
this.width,
this.height,
this.color,
this.colorBlendMode,
this.fit,
this.alignment = Alignment.center,
this.repeat = ImageRepeat.noRepeat,
this.centerSlice,
this.matchTextDirection = false,
this.gaplessPlayback = false,
this.filterQuality = FilterQuality.low,
this.isAntiAlias = false,
Map<String, String> headers,
int cacheWidth,
int cacheHeight,
}) : image = ResizeImage.resizeIfNeeded(cacheWidth, cacheHeight, NetworkImage(src, scale: scale, headers: headers)),
assert(alignment != null),
assert(repeat != null),
assert(matchTextDirection != null),
assert(cacheWidth == null || cacheWidth > 0),
assert(cacheHeight == null || cacheHeight > 0),
assert(isAntiAlias != null),
super(key: key);其中: image = ResizeImage.resizeIfNeeded(cacheWidth, cacheHeight, NetworkImage(src, scale: scale, headers: headers)),,使用ImageProvider类型的NetworkImage创建了ImageProvider类型的ResizeImage。
而NetworkImage是一个继承ImageProvider的抽象类。
abstract class NetworkImage extends ImageProvider<NetworkImage> {
/// Creates an object that fetches the image at the given URL.
///
/// The arguments [url] and [scale] must not be null.
const factory NetworkImage(String url, { double scale, Map<String, String>? headers }) = network_image.NetworkImage;
/// The URL from which the image will be fetched.
String get url;
/// The scale to place in the [ImageInfo] object of the image.
double get scale;
/// The HTTP headers that will be used with [HttpClient.get] to fetch image from network.
///
/// When running flutter on the web, headers are not used.
Map<String, String>? get headers;
@override
ImageStreamCompleter load(NetworkImage key, DecoderCallback decode);
}其中工厂方法给了一个值,const factory NetworkImage(String url, { double scale, Map
进入network_image.NetworkImage,到了_network_image_io.dart文件。
// Copyright 2014 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved. // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be // found in the LICENSE file. import 'dart:async'; import 'dart:io'; import 'dart:typed_data'; import 'dart:ui' as ui; import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart'; import 'binding.dart'; import 'debug.dart'; import 'image_provider.dart' as image_provider; import 'image_stream.dart'; /// The dart:io implementation of [image_provider.NetworkImage]. @immutable class NetworkImage extends image_provider.ImageProviderimplements image_provider.NetworkImage { /// Creates an object that fetches the image at the given URL. /// /// The arguments [url] and [scale] must not be null. const NetworkImage(this.url, { this.scale = 1.0, this.headers }) : assert(url != null), assert(scale != null); @override final String url; @override final double scale; @override final Map ? headers; @override Future obtainKey(image_provider.ImageConfiguration configuration) { return SynchronousFuture (this); } @override ImageStreamCompleter load(image_provider.NetworkImage key, image_provider.DecoderCallback decode) { // Ownership of this controller is handed off to [_loadAsync]; it is that // method's responsibility to close the controller's stream when the image // has been loaded or an error is thrown. final StreamController chunkEvents = StreamController (); return MultiFrameImageStreamCompleter( codec: _loadAsync(key as NetworkImage, chunkEvents, decode), chunkEvents: chunkEvents.stream, scale: key.scale, debugLabel: key.url, informationCollector: () { return [ DiagnosticsProperty ('Image provider', this), DiagnosticsProperty ('Image key', key), ]; }, ); } // Do not access this field directly; use [_httpClient] instead. // We set `autoUncompress` to false to ensure that we can trust the value of // the `Content-Length` HTTP header. We automatically uncompress the content // in our call to [consolidateHttpClientResponseBytes]. static final HttpClient _sharedHttpClient = HttpClient()..autoUncompress = false; static HttpClient get _httpClient { HttpClient client = _sharedHttpClient; assert(() { if (debugNetworkImageHttpClientProvider != null) client = debugNetworkImageHttpClientProvider!(); return true; }()); return client; } Future _loadAsync( NetworkImage key, StreamController chunkEvents, image_provider.DecoderCallback decode, ) async { try { assert(key == this); final Uri resolved = Uri.base.resolve(key.url); final HttpClientRequest request = await _httpClient.getUrl(resolved); headers?.forEach((String name, String value) { request.headers.add(name, value); }); final HttpClientResponse response = await request.close(); if (response.statusCode != HttpStatus.ok) { // The network may be only temporarily unavailable, or the file will be // added on the server later. Avoid having future calls to resolve // fail to check the network again. throw image_provider.NetworkImageLoadException(statusCode: response.statusCode, uri: resolved); } final Uint8List bytes = await consolidateHttpClientResponseBytes( response, onBytesReceived: (int cumulative, int? total) { chunkEvents.add(ImageChunkEvent( cumulativeBytesLoaded: cumulative, expectedTotalBytes: total, )); }, ); if (bytes.lengthInBytes == 0) throw Exception('NetworkImage is an empty file: $resolved'); return decode(bytes); } catch (e) { // Depending on where the exception was thrown, the image cache may not // have had a chance to track the key in the cache at all. // Schedule a microtask to give the cache a chance to add the key. scheduleMicrotask(() { PaintingBinding.instance!.imageCache!.evict(key); }); rethrow; } finally { chunkEvents.close(); } } @override bool operator ==(Object other) { if (other.runtimeType != runtimeType) return false; return other is NetworkImage && other.url == url && other.scale == scale; } @override int get hashCode => ui.hashValues(url, scale); @override String toString() => '${objectRuntimeType(this, 'NetworkImage')}("$url", scale: $scale)'; }
对其中的_loadAsync方法进行修改,实现图片的本地存储和获取,即可。
三、实现
1、新建一个文件my_local_cache_network_image.dart,将_network_image_io.dart内容复制过来,进行修改。 2、全部文件内容如下(非空安全版本):
import 'dart:async'; import 'dart:convert' as convert; import 'dart:io'; import 'dart:typed_data'; import 'dart:ui' as ui; import 'package:crypto/crypto.dart'; import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart'; import 'package:flutter/material.dart'; import 'package:path_provider/path_provider.dart'; /// The dart:io implementation of [image_provider.NetworkImage]. @immutable class MyLocalCacheNetworkImage extends ImageProviderimplements NetworkImage { /// Creates an object that fetches the image at the given URL. /// /// The arguments [url] and [scale] must not be null. const MyLocalCacheNetworkImage( this.url, { this.scale = 1.0, this.headers, this.isLocalCache = false, }) : assert(url != null), assert(scale != null); @override final String url; @override final double scale; @override final Map headers; final bool isLocalCache; @override Future obtainKey(ImageConfiguration configuration) { return SynchronousFuture (this); } @override ImageStreamCompleter load(NetworkImage key, DecoderCallback decode) { // Ownership of this controller is handed off to [_loadAsync]; it is that // method's responsibility to close the controller's stream when the image // has been loaded or an error is thrown. final StreamController chunkEvents = StreamController (); return MultiFrameImageStreamCompleter( codec: _loadAsync(key, chunkEvents, decode), chunkEvents: chunkEvents.stream, scale: key.scale, debugLabel: key.url, informationCollector: () { return [ DiagnosticsProperty ('Image provider', this), DiagnosticsProperty ('Image key', key), ]; }, ); } // Do not access this field directly; use [_httpClient] instead. // We set `autoUncompress` to false to ensure that we can trust the value of // the `Content-Length` HTTP header. We automatically uncompress the content // in our call to [consolidateHttpClientResponseBytes]. static final HttpClient _sharedHttpClient = HttpClient()..autoUncompress = false; static HttpClient get _httpClient { HttpClient client = _sharedHttpClient; assert(() { if (debugNetworkImageHttpClientProvider != null) client = debugNetworkImageHttpClientProvider(); return true; }()); return client; } Future _loadAsync( NetworkImage key, StreamController chunkEvents, DecoderCallback decode, ) async { try { assert(key == this); /// 如果本地缓存过图片,直接返回图片 if (isLocalCache != null && isLocalCache == true) { final Uint8List bytes = await _getImageFromLocal(key.url); if (bytes != null && bytes.lengthInBytes != null && bytes.lengthInBytes != 0) { return await PaintingBinding.instance.instantiateImageCodec(bytes); } } final Uri resolved = Uri.base.resolve(key.url); final HttpClientRequest request = await _httpClient.getUrl(resolved); headers?.forEach((String name, String value) { request.headers.add(name, value); }); final HttpClientResponse response = await request.close(); if (response.statusCode != HttpStatus.ok) { // The network may be only temporarily unavailable, or the file will be // added on the server later. Avoid having future calls to resolve // fail to check the network again. throw NetworkImageLoadException(statusCode: response.statusCode, uri: resolved); } final Uint8List bytes = await consolidateHttpClientResponseBytes( response, onBytesReceived: (int cumulative, int total) { chunkEvents.add(ImageChunkEvent( cumulativeBytesLoaded: cumulative, expectedTotalBytes: total, )); }, ); /// 网络请求结束后,将图片缓存到本地 if (isLocalCache != null && isLocalCache == true && bytes.lengthInBytes != 0) { _saveImageToLocal(bytes, key.url); } if (bytes.lengthInBytes == 0) throw Exception('NetworkImage is an empty file: $resolved'); return decode(bytes); } catch (e) { // Depending on where the exception was thrown, the image cache may not // have had a chance to track the key in the cache at all. // Schedule a microtask to give the cache a chance to add the key. scheduleMicrotask(() { PaintingBinding.instance.imageCache.evict(key); }); rethrow; } finally { chunkEvents.close(); } } /// 图片路径通过MD5处理,然后缓存到本地 void _saveImageToLocal(Uint8List mUInt8List, String name) async { String path = await _getCachePathString(name); var file = File(path); bool exist = await file.exists(); if (!exist) { File(path).writeAsBytesSync(mUInt8List); } } /// 从本地拿图片 Future _getImageFromLocal(String name) async { String path = await _getCachePathString(name); var file = File(path); bool exist = await file.exists(); if (exist) { final Uint8List bytes = await file.readAsBytes(); return bytes; } return null; } /// 获取图片的缓存路径并创建 Future _getCachePathString(String name) async { // 获取图片的名称 String filePathFileName = md5.convert(convert.utf8.encode(name)).toString(); String extensionName = name.split('/').last.split('.').last; // print('图片url:$name'); // print('filePathFileName:$filePathFileName'); // print('extensionName:$extensionName'); // 生成、获取结果存储路径 final tempDic = await getTemporaryDirectory(); Directory directory = Directory(tempDic.path + '/CacheImage/'); bool isFoldExist = await directory.exists(); if (!isFoldExist) { await directory.create(); } return directory.path + filePathFileName + '.$extensionName'; } @override bool operator ==(Object other) { if (other.runtimeType != runtimeType) return false; return other is NetworkImage && other.url == url && other.scale == scale; } @override int get hashCode => ui.hashValues(url, scale); @override String toString() => '${objectRuntimeType(this, 'NetworkImage')}("$url", scale: $scale)'; }
主要修改有: 1、从本地获取缓存并返回
/// 如果本地缓存过图片,直接返回图片
if (isLocalCache != null && isLocalCache == true) {
final Uint8List bytes = await _getImageFromLocal(key.url);
if (bytes != null && bytes.lengthInBytes != null && bytes.lengthInBytes != 0) {
return await PaintingBinding.instance.instantiateImageCodec(bytes);
}
}2、图片网络情请求完之后,存储到本地
/// 网络请求结束后,将图片缓存到本地
if (isLocalCache != null && isLocalCache == true && bytes.lengthInBytes != 0) {
_saveImageToLocal(bytes, key.url);
}3、保存到本地、从本地获取图片、获取并创建本地缓存路径的具体实现,主要是最其中图片网络请求获取到的bytes和图片的url进行存储等操作。
/// 图片路径通过MD5处理,然后缓存到本地
void _saveImageToLocal(Uint8List mUInt8List, String name) async {
String path = await _getCachePathString(name);
var file = File(path);
bool exist = await file.exists();
if (!exist) {
File(path).writeAsBytesSync(mUInt8List);
}
}
/// 从本地拿图片
Future _getImageFromLocal(String name) async {
String path = await _getCachePathString(name);
var file = File(path);
bool exist = await file.exists();
if (exist) {
final Uint8List bytes = await file.readAsBytes();
return bytes;
}
return null;
}
/// 获取图片的缓存路径并创建
Future _getCachePathString(String name) async {
// 获取图片的名称
String filePathFileName = md5.convert(convert.utf8.encode(name)).toString();
String extensionName = name.split('/').last.split('.').last;
// print('图片url:$name');
// print('filePathFileName:$filePathFileName');
// print('extensionName:$extensionName');
// 生成、获取结果存储路径
final tempDic = await getTemporaryDirectory();
Directory directory = Directory(tempDic.path + '/CacheImage/');
bool isFoldExist = await directory.exists();
if (!isFoldExist) {
await directory.create();
}
return directory.path + filePathFileName + '.$extensionName';
} 四、使用
将上面的命名构造方法复制出来,创建一个自己的命名构造方法,比如(部分代码):
class CustomFadeInImage extends StatelessWidget {
CustomFadeInImage.assetNetwork({
@required this.image,
this.placeholder,
this.width,
this.height,
this.fit,
this.alignment = Alignment.center,
this.imageScale = 1.0,
this.imageCacheWidth,
this.imageCacheHeight,
}) : imageProvider = ResizeImage.resizeIfNeeded(
imageCacheWidth, imageCacheHeight, MyLocalCacheNetworkImage(image, scale: imageScale, isLocalCache: true));将ResizeImage.resizeIfNeeded中的NetworkImage替换为MyLocalCacheNetworkImage 即可。